Ukraine’s drone commander has Russian oil, troops and morale in his sights

BBC:

“We’re like a red rag to the enemy. Because we’re taking the war to their territory so that they feel it too,” the Ukrainian soldier says, as his unit scramble to assemble long-range drones for launch at Russia.

Ukraine has been intensifying its deep strikes like this for several weeks, targeting oil export facilities, in particular, like never before.

Now, in a rare interview, the commander of all Ukraine’s unmanned systems has told the BBC such attacks will escalate and claimed his drone forces are also holding back Russia’s advance along the frontline by killing a record number of soldiers.

“1,500 to 2,000km (930-1,240 miles) inside Russian territory is no longer the ‘peaceful rear’,” Robert Brovdi warns. “The freedom-loving Ukrainian ‘bird’ flies there whenever and wherever it wants.”

At the secret launch site, a drizzly field in eastern Ukraine, the long-range drones are primed and we’re ordered back to a safe distance. The team work quickly before Russian forces can detect them and send ballistic missiles hurtling towards us. There’s a shouted command, loud revs of an engine and a flash of white as the first device tears into the sky towards Russia like a mini jet plane.

President Volodymyr Zelensky calls such deep strikes “very painful” to Moscow, causing “critical” losses running to tens of billions of dollars in its energy sector despite the recent surge in global oil prices.

The increase in such attacks is partly down to technology. Locally produced drones are becoming cheaper and flying further: the model we see launch can now travel more than 1,000km and others already go twice as far.

But it’s also about focus. In addition to military personnel and production, Russia’s energy exports have been identified as a priority target.

“Putin extracts natural resources and converts them into blood dollars that they then direct against us in the form of Shahed drones and ballistic missiles,” says Commander Brovdi, justifying the strikes.

Residents in Tuapse on Russia’s Black Sea coast complain of toxic rain after a second wave of major strikes on the local refinery in several days. But Brovdi is dry-eyed.

“If oil refineries are a tool to make money that’s used for war, then they are a legitimate military target, subject to destruction.”

The commander wages war in the skies from a secret location deep underground. We’re taken to meet him in a van with blacked out windows, then led down stairs and along corridors lined with sleeping pods to emerge into a high-tech cavern covered in screens from floor to ceiling.

The soundtrack is a series of bleeps and pings as fresh data is fed to dozens of men in T-shirts and hoodies hunched over joysticks and keyboards. They’re monitoring images streamed directly from the battlefield from drone pilots with names like KitKat and Antalya.

Brovdi’s Unmanned Systems Forces make up just 2% of Ukraine’s military but these days he says they account for a third of all targets destroyed. Their own casualty rate, he tells me, is no secret: less than 1% per year.

Each strike – of any kind – is filmed for verification and logged, and monitors on one wall display a detailed scorecard, updated in real time.

In the past week, Brovdi has reported hitting a dozen Russian FSB security service officers in occupied territory as well as multiple energy facilities in Russia itself. He argues that his forces are critical to denying Putin any headline victories, especially his aim of seizing the rest of the eastern Donbas region within months.

“What is he smoking?” Brovdi is curt. “That’s not realistic. It’s absurd.”

Four years ago, Robert Brovdi was more comfortable in auction houses like Christie’s than filthy trenches. A well-off grain dealer in those days, with a sideline as an art collector, fragments of his pre-war life survive in the paintings and sculptures by Ukrainian artists dotted around the bunker. They’re displayed beside missile casings and captured drones. He’s an ethnic Hungarian, from Uzhhorod in western Ukraine, and best known by his military call sign, Magyar. Clean-shaven before the war, he now wears a long ginger and grey-speckled beard.

The businessman signed up to fight just before Russia’s full-scale invasion – “we all knew war was inevitable” – initially joining the Territorial Defence, then passing through some of the fiercest battles, including for Bakhmut.

But it was before that, pinned down by Russian fire in Kherson, that he first saw the potential of drones. Brovdi recalled a device he’d bought for his own children and began to introduce similar ones to his unit. Suddenly they could climb above Russian positions and stream live images to a nearby artillery team, enabling them to strike. “The idea first developed as self-preservation,” he explains, but it transformed the battlefield.

Within months the soldiers were building their own drones and attaching munitions, and soon became renowned as 414th Brigade, the Birds of Magyar.